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PROJECT TOPIC:  GAS FLARING INTO THE ECOSYSTEM IN BONNY ISLAND
Department:  Gas Engineering
AMOUNT:  10,000
FORMAT:   MS WORD
PAGES:  70
 
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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    Background to the Study

One of the environmental problems associated with crude oil exploration and exploitation in Bonny Island  is linked to gas flaring (Obioh, 2019). When crude oil is brought to the surface from several kilometers below, the gas associated with such oil extraction usually comes to the surface as well. If the oil is produced in those areas of the world that lack gas infrastructure or a nearby gas market, a significant portion of the associated gas may be released into the atmosphere either un-ignited (vented) or ignited (flared). Flaring or burning of gas is widely used to dispose of natural gas liberated during oil production and processing where there is often no infrastructure to make use of the gas. Gas flaring contributes to climate change, which has serious implications for both Nigeria and the rest of the world. Nigeria is one of the highest emitter of greenhouse gases in Africa and among the highest CO2 emitters in the world (GGFR, 2002; Iyayi, 2014). The burning of fossil fuel, mainly coal, oil and gas, has led to the warming up the environment through the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) as the main green house gas (Ellen and Barry, 2015). Atmospheric contaminants from gas flaring include oxides of Nitrogen, Carbon and Sulphur (NOx, CO2 , CO, SOx), particulate matter, hydrocarbons and ash, photochemical oxidants, and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) (Kindzierski, 2010). The flares also contribute to acid rain, which, apart from corroding corrugated aluminium roofs, acidify the soil, thereby causing soil fertility loss and damaging crops. For instance, studies have shown that in cassava, there is a decrease in length, weight, starch, protein, and ascorbic acid (Vit.C) content (Imevbore and Adeyemi, 2011), while okra plants and palm trees around the flares do not flower, and therefore, do not fruit. It is apparent that the issue of gas flaring is a serious problem to environmental sustainability. Therefore, this study focused on the assessment of the impact of gas flaring on the crop performance and yield in the study area, especially where gas flaring is dominant. Agricultural activity has always included adaptation to a number of diverse stresses and opportunities. Climate and weather conditions are a good example of factors that require on-going adaptations, which are even more significant with climate change. These changes in weather and climate conditions have been recognized as key determinants for success in the agricultural-food sector.

 

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